Framing example
This is a teaching example, not a live event
The framings below illustrate how a class of incident is typically presented across perspectives. They are not the output of any particular newsroom on any particular day. For methodology, see bias methodology.
The fact base every framing below is working from.
Linguistic and editorial signals to notice as you read the framings.
Humanitarian access has been disrupted at a critical access point. Civilian populations bear the cumulative cost regardless of which side is responsible. Independent humanitarian organisations — ICRC, OCHA, UNHCR — should be permitted access and their statements treated as primary sources.
An aid convoy incident has been reported at a specified location. Each party blames the other. Humanitarian organisations have called for access and protection consistent with international humanitarian law. The named organisations operating in the area are primary sources.
A hostile actor has obstructed humanitarian access at a key point. Civilian impact is the direct consequence of that obstruction. Pressure should be increased on the obstructing party to permit relief flows.
Loaded terms
Adversary forces have struck a civilian aid convoy in a pattern of attacks on humanitarian operations. The deliberate targeting of relief flows constitutes a violation of international humanitarian law.
Loaded terms
Humanitarian channels have been misused by an armed group to move material under the cover of relief operations. Deconfliction processes must be honoured by all parties; access can be restored once misuse stops.
Loaded terms
Repeated humanitarian access failure is itself a regional security issue, producing displacement, public-health emergencies, and political instability in neighbouring states. Sustained access is the lowest-cost stabilising intervention.
Cite the named humanitarian organisations directly. They are primary sources for their own access and the conditions on the ground; political framings from belligerents are downstream of that.